VOA慢速英语:美国的反恐战争走向失败?

caliphate – n. the government of a caliph, a Muslim political and religious leader

stake – n. a sharp, pointed stick

octopus – n. a sea creature with eight arms

tentacle – n. one of the long arms that stick out from an octopus

alter – v. to change

formidable – adj. causing fear; creating serious difficulties

confusion – n. the feeling you have when you do not understand what is happening

nebulous – adj. not clear; difficult to understand

achievable – adj. doing something successfully

convenient – adj. letting you do something easily or without trouble

Quran – n. Islam’s holy book