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新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons31

2011-09-24来源:和谐英语

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 在退休前,弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理,但他小时侯却在一家小铺里做工。

(1)head在此处的意思不是人或动物的“头部”,而是“首领”、“头目”,一般出现在“the head of +名词”结构中:

John is the head of the family.

约翰是一家之主。

Frank is the head of that firm.

弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。

(2) as在这里为介词,表不“当……时”,as a boy相当于 as he was a boy。

2.It was his job to repair bicycles…他那时的工作是修理自行车……

it为“先行主语”,句子的真正主语为to repair bicycles。

3.He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. 他靠多年积蓄,于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。

(1)for years表示“许多年”。

(2)of one's own为固定短语,表示“自己的”、“属于自己的”,own为代词:

He wanted a room of his own.

他想要一个自己的房间。

Do you have a house of your own?

你有自己的房子吗?

4.in one's twenties,(在某人)二十多岁的时候。

one's twenties/thirties/forties…,二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁……10的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数量,与所有格形容词(my等)连用时表示大约的年龄:

My aunt Jennifer is in her late thirties/early forties, but she often appears on the stage as a young girl.

我的姑妈詹妮弗已接近四十岁/四十出头,但她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。

5.Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路,微笑了。

(1)hard意思很多,在这里指“艰难的”、“困苦的”:

She lived a hard life in those years.

那些年她的生活很艰难。

(2)one's early years指某人的早年(生活),意义相近的表达方式为early in one's life。

(3) the long road to success是一种比喻的说法,因为success是抽象名词。to在这里表示方向、目的地,意义为“朝”、“往”、“向”等,这个短语的字面意义为“通向成功的漫漫长路”。

语法 Grammar in use

1.过去进行时与一般过去时

在第7课的语法中我们学习了过去进行时。它主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比,它更强调动作的持续性,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时,过去进行时往往用来表示背景:

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.

昨天下午弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。

He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

他正笑着的时候门开了,他的妻子走了进来。

Last Sunday, I went and sat on the river bank as usual.

Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.

上星期天,我和往常一样,又去河边坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍,河面上有些人正在划船。(过去进行时描述背景)

比较典型的表示过去正在进行的动作的表达方式如:

2.used to do

我们用used to do表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯,以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now…,but

not…any more/any longer等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。

I used to smoke, but I don't any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟,但现在已不吸了。

He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他过去是个懒孩子,但现在他很勤奋。

used to仅用于一般过去时。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身:

词汇学习 Word study

1.experience

(1)n.经历(可数):

I had an amusing experience last year.

去年我有过一次有趣的经历。

He told me about his experiences as a young man.

他向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。

(2)n.经验,体验(不可数):

They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.

他们想要一位有丰富经验的人来承担这项工作。

Does she have any experience in teaching?

她有教学经验吗?

(3)vt.经验,体验:

Have you ever experienced anything like this?

你经历过像这样的事情吗?

The village has experienced great changes since 1980.

自1980年以来这个村子经历了极大的变化。

experience的过去分词常作形容词用,表示“有经验的”、“经验丰富的”:

John is an experienced driver.

约翰是个经验丰富的司机。

2.save vt.,vi.

(1)救助,搭救,拯救:

The doctor saved the child's life.

那位医生救了这孩子一命。

They saved the child from the fire.

他们从大火中救出了这孩子。

(2)储蓄,积攒:

He saved (money) for years to buy a car.

为了买一辆车,他积攒了多年。

He used to save letters.

他过去常积攒信件。

3.work与job

作为名词,这两个单词都可以翻译为“工作”,但它们在用法上并不一样。job为可数名词,一般与“职业”、“职位”有关,或表示某人的“份内事”;work作“工作”讲时是不可数名词,常指具体的“劳动”、“作业”或“(待做的)工作或事务”等,也可能表示“上班:

It was his job to repair bicycles.

他的工作是修理自行车。

John is looking for a new job.

约翰正在找一份新工作。

I'm looking for work as a driver.

我在找一份开车的活。

I've a lot of work to do on Sunday.

星期天我有许多事要做。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A What was happening: was telling (1.1);was still smiling (1.10)

What happened: retired(1.2);saved(1.5);bought(1.6);had(1.7);employed(1.9);smiled when he remembered (1.9);opened…came in…wanted(11.10-11)

What used to happen: used to work(1.3);used to work(11.4-5);used to make(1.7)

C …worked/was working…sat/was sitting…was looking…were passing…stopped…got…were/had been…used to come/came…used to go/went…were…quarrelled…had never seen/saw…got/was getting…called…hurried

2.难点练习答案

1 experienced  2jobs  3job  4save

3.多项选择题答案

1d  2b  3a  4c  5a  6a

7d  8a  9b  10c  11a  12c