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besides, but, except, except for, but for的用法及区别

2016-09-25来源:和谐英语

besides, but, except, except for, but for的用法及区别

一、besides的用法

besides 表示一种累加关系,意思是“除了什么之外,还有……”。如:

Mary knows Japanese besides French. 除法语外,玛丽还懂日语。

There were other sports besides soccer. 除了足球还有其他的运动。

Who’s prepared to work overtime besides me? 除我之外还有谁愿意加班?

但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:

I care for nothing besides this. 除此之外,我什么也不要。

No one writes to me besides you. 除你之外,没有人给我写信。

另外,besides 后除接名词或代词外,还可接动名词或名词性从句。如:

Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外,他还是位诗人。

Besides doing the cooking I look after the garden. 除了做饭之外我还得管园子。

I know nothing besides what I have told you. 除了我已对你说的之外,其他的我别无所知。

二、but except的用法

1. but 和 except 均可表示“除……外不再有……”,但两者在含义上有细微差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:

All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。

All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。

2. 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:

① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等

② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等

③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等

④ all, none 等

⑤ who, what, where 等

请看以下典型例句:

Everyone was there but him. 除他之外,大家都在。

I have told this to no one but you. 除你之外,这事我没告诉任何人。

You can come any day but Friday. 除了星期五之外,你哪天来都行。

I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。

一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:

正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。

误:The window is never opened but in summer.

3. but 通常不能置于句首,而 except 一般不能置于句首。如:

除我之外每个人都累了。

正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.

正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.

误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.

但是,except for 可以用于句首,与 except 意思相同。如:

Except for me, everyone is tired. 除我之外每个人都累了。

Except for her, everyone came. 除她外,大家都来了。

Except for Jim, everyone went there. 除吉姆外,大家都去了。