涉及副词only的三类重要考点

涉及副词only的三类重要考点　　　 　

考点一  only修饰不定式表结果　　

only 后接不定式作状语时，有时表示目的，有时表示结果（尤其表示让人没有事先想到或令人感到不快的意外结果）。如：　　

Not content with second place, Jeff played only to win. 杰夫不甘心得第二名，他参加比赛就是为了夺冠。（句中的only to win表目的）　　

He rushed to the airport only to miss his flight by two minutes. 他匆匆到了机场，不料却晚到两分钟而误了航班。（句中的only to miss…表结果）　　

根据近几年的考题情况来看，高考命题者似乎只对only修饰不定式表结果感兴趣，如2012年就有多道题直接考查了这一用法：　　

Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去机场，却发现他的飞机已飞上了天空。(四川卷)　　

George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 乔治战后归来，结果却被告知他妻子已经离他而去了。(山东卷)　　

另外补充以下典型例句，请同学们认真体会：　　

I arrived only to find that the others had already left. 我到达时发现其他人都已经离开了。　　

I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全落在家了。　　

I arrived at the campsite, only to discover that it was closed for the winter. 我到了营地，才知道那儿冬季不开放。　　

Garry answered the door only to be knocked flying as two policemen came rushing in. 加里去开门，结果却被冲进来的警察撞得老远。　　

He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, only to resign from his job soon after he’d received it. 他花了很多时间来谈判提高工资，却在加了工资后不久辞职了。　　

考点二  only修饰状语置于句首　　

当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，此时的only意为“只有”，强调唯一性和排他性。请看2012年的两个高考真题例句：　　

Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. 只是由于运气特别好，她才得以从上涨的洪水中逃出来。(上海卷)　　

Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake. 玛丽只在第二次读她的作文后，她才注意到那拼写错误。(天津卷)　　

另外补充以下典型例句，请同学们认真体会：　　

Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。　　

Only here were the police visible in any strength at all. 只有在这里才能看到廖廖几个警察。　　

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。　　

注意，若置于句首的“only+状语”不强调唯一性或排他性，其中的only表示“只是”，相当于just或as recently as等，此时其后的句子则不用倒装。如　　

Only today I saw her—she looks much better. 我今天还见过她——她看起来好多了。　　

Only yesterday, it seemed to her, she had born Sophia. 她似乎觉得她昨天才生的索菲娅。　　

Only last week you said you would never smoke again. That didn’t last long, did it? 就在上个星期你还说过你不再吸烟了。你的话过不了多久就不算数，是不是?