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英语名词性从句的六个命题切入点

2016-07-02来源:和谐英语

英语名词性从句的六个命题切入点 

所谓名词性从句,就是指在主从复合句中起名词作用的从句,它主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。综观近几年的高考英语试题,高考对名词性从句的设题主要涉及主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,而表语从句则相对考得比较少。进一步的研究表明,高考命题者对名词性从句的考查主要有六个方面的切入点。

一、考查thatwhether的用法区别

that和whether均引导名词性从句,两者既有相同之处(均不充当句子成分),也有不同之处(that没有词义,但whether有词义),命题者有时会针对两者的“不同”之处切入命题,同时用where, when, why, how 之类的连接副词来干扰。请看以下高考实例:

1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ______ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (安徽卷)

A. where                  B. whether               C. that                     D. why

2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. (北京卷)

A. why                    B. how                    C. that                     D. whether

解析:第1题答案为B,第2题答案为C。同学们应主要从句意方面去考虑,即第1题只有填入 whether,句子意思最通顺,句意为:“一般说来,一个人的智力极限是生下来就确定的,但他能否达到这些极限,取决于环境。”而第2题,填入A、B、D后,意思均说不通,而刚好是空格处没有任何意思时,整个句子意思最通顺,即表示:“他并不后悔自己作出评论,但觉得本来可以换一种方式来表达的。”

【碰碰高考题】(答案依次为ABCD

1. I’ve made up my mind, but it’s obvious ______ you need more time to think.

A. that                    B. whether               C. where                  D. why

2. He called her up one day and said ______ he and his wife were coming to New York.

A. why                   B. that                     C. how                    D. whether

3. To this day, it’s unclear ______ he shot himself or was murdered.

A. where                 B. that                     C. whether               D. why

4. I was merely questioning ______ we have the money to fund such a project.

A. why                    B. how                   C. that                     D. whether

 

二、考查what引导的名词性从句

what引导名词性从句时有两个意思:一是表示“什么”,二是表示“……的……”“……所……都”,但从近五年的高考命题情况来看,命题者似乎只对第二个意思的用法感兴趣,而且各自主命题的省市一直对它“百考不厌”。请看以下高考实例:

1. —We’ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?

—No, ______ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. (上海卷)

A. who                     B. that                      C. what                    D. which

2. I’d like to start my own business—that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money. (陕西卷)

A. why                     B. when                    C. which                   D. what

3. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out ______ it is he is trying to express. (安徽卷)

A. that                      B. how                     C. who                     D. what

解析:做这类考题的一个基本思路是:与that, whether在句中不充当句子成分不同,what引导名词性从句时,它在句中必须充当句子成分——或主语,或宾语,或表语。

第1题选C。what 引导主语从句,同时what在主语从句中用作介词 for 的宾语。填空句的意思是:我要找的是某种更大、更牢的东西。

第2题选D。what引导表语从句,同时它在表语从句中用作动词do的宾语。选项中的why和when为副词,不能用作宾语,可排除;而which虽可用作宾语,但与句意不符,故也排除。句意为:我喜欢开创自己的事业——那就是如果我有钱后要做的事情。

第3题选D。what在此引导宾语从句,同时它在宾语从句中用作动词express的宾语。选项that不能充当句子成分,故可排除;选项how为副词,不能用作宾语,也可排除;选项who虽可以用作宾语,但用作动词express的宾语,意思不通。本题句意为:他的作品很费解,很难弄清楚他在试图表达什么。