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certain与sure的用法区别与比较

2016-10-08来源:和谐英语

certainsure的用法区别与比较

1. 两者都可用作表语表示“一定”或“确信”,有时可互换。如:

She’s certain [sure] to win. 她肯定会赢。

She’s certain [sure] to do well in the examination. 她考试一定考得好。

If you do this, you are sure [certain] to be found out. 如果你这样做一定会被发现。

He is sure [certain] to sign the contract. 他一定会签合同。

He is certain [sure] of winning the match. 他确信能赢这场比赛。

当用于 for certain /for sure, 意为“肯定地”“确切地”等,两者可互换。如:

I don’t know for certain [sure]. 我知道得不确切。

She may come but she can’t say for certain [sure]. 她会来,但她没说什么时候来。

还有,用于 make certain / make sure,意为“弄清楚”“弄得有把握”,两者也可互换。如:

Please make certain [sure] that the river is not deep before you swim there. 请你搞清楚河水确实不深再去游泳。

I made certain [sure] that I had my keys before I left the house. 我在离开家以前先弄清楚确实带好了钥匙。

2. 以下情况通常只用certain,而不用sure:

①当句中用了形式主语或形式宾语 it 时。如:

It’s certain that he’ll come tomorrow. 他明天肯定会来。

I thought it certain that he would be late. 我肯定他会迟到。

②当表示“某一”“某些”等时。如:

A certain Mrs Black rang me up today but she’d got the wrong number. 今天有个布莱克太太打电话来,但她拔错了号码。

Certain traits set them apart from the others. 他们的某些特点使他们与众不同。

Certain names in the book were underlined throughout. 书中在某些名字下面都画了线。

3. 在 Be sure (not) to do sth.(一定要或不要做某事) 结构中通常不用 certain。如:

Be sure not to become conceited. 切不可骄傲。

Be sure to lock your bicycle. 自行车务必上锁。

Be sure to turn off the light when you go to bed. 上床睡觉时一定要关灯。

Be sure to blow up the tyres before you drive off. 开车之前,一定要把轮胎打足气。

4. 有许多人认为,sure的主语只能是人,不能是事物;当主语是事物时,应用certain。其实,这是一种误解。关于sure的主语问题,有以下几点值得注意:

①当表示说话者的态度或看法时,句子主语可以是人也可以是物。由于此时用人作主语的情形同学们比较熟悉,所以下面只举几句用物作主语的例子。如:

It’s sure to rain tomorrow. 肯定要下雨了。

The train is sure to arrive on time. 火车一定会准时到达的。

The design is so good it’s sure to set the pattern for many others. 这个设计很不错,肯定会成为其他许多设计的样板。

这类句子通常可以用I’m sure that…来替换。如:

It’s sure to rain tomorrow.=I’m sure that it will rain tomorrow.

The train is sure to arrive on time.=I’m sure that the train will arrive on time.

②当表示句子主语的判断或信念时,句子的主语只能是人,不能是物。因为从逻辑上讲,只有“人”才能作出判断,才有自己的信念。如:

I’ m sure I won’t lose my way. 我肯定不会迷路的。

I’m sure we’ve met before. 我敢肯定我们从前见过面。

注:certain的主语特点也符合以上情形。