GRE杨鹏难句130句详解（5）
2012-07-12来源:和谐英语
44. islam，on the other hand，represented a radical breakaway from the arab paganism that preceded it；islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle，(examination)of legal subject matter that was far from uniform，comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-islamic arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-arab peoples of the conquered territories. （4）
译文：另一方面，伊斯兰教则代表着与此前存在的阿拉伯异教（arab paganism）的一种根本上的决裂；伊斯兰法是从宗教的角度，对各种杂乱无章、绝无共同点的法律内容进行考察所致的结果，而这些法律内容实际上是由前伊斯兰阿拉伯国家（pre-islamic arabia）法律的不尽相同的组成部分以及由从被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鉴过来的无数法律因素所构成。 (as it did )实际上是一句插入语。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
解释：这句话是接着上面的那句话写下来的，是在说伊斯兰法的不一致。句中有三个插入语，都起到了一定的干扰作用。第一个是on the other hand，隔开了主语和谓语。第二个是from a religious angle，分开了examination of ，第三个as it did，根本就是句废话，分断了动词comprise 和动词的宾语the various components。
意群训练：islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the arab paganism that preceded it; islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-islamic arabia and numberous legal elements taken over from the non-arab peoples of the conquered territories.
45. one such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. hence，(there is ) the intensified research on legumes. （5），此句最好能够熟读，更好的是背诵下来。（复杂修饰+插入+省略+倒装）
译文：这其中的一个新颖思想就是，在植物的染色体（chromosome）内注入并非是该植物自然构造一个部分的那些不相关联的因基：具体而言，这一思想是，在非豆科植物内注入这样一些基因，倘若这些基因可被辨识出来并被分离开来，而这些基因业已使豆科植物宜于充当那些具备固氮作用的细菌的寄主。由此，对豆科植物的研究日趋深入。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、倒装、省略
解释：本句的难度以倒装为主，复杂为辅；然而二者相互借力，难度更大，而且本句中有两个省略，就更令读者头痛。
句子一开始的one such novel idea is that of 之中的that of, 是that idea of 的省略形式。此外容易理解，后面开始变难。inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes(that are not a part of the plants' natureal consttution)看上去不舒服的原因，是作者在此用了一个便装；正常语序应该是：inserting discrete genes(that are not a part of the plants' natureal constitution) into the chromosomes of plants，即把非此植物的genes插入到该植物中。之所以倒装，是因为discrete genes加上复杂修饰的成分以后太长之故。同样，后面的the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identifyied and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria一句，正常的语序也是the idea of inserting the genes, if they can be identifyied and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitro-fixing bacteria into nonleguminous plants,即把便利豆科植物成为固氮菌的寄主的基因（如果它们能够被找到并分离出来的话）插入到非豆科植物的基因中去。这一回。genes之后不但有定语从句的复杂修饰，而且在genes和that从句之间还有一个不短的插入语，增加了阅读难度。
最后的一句话，hence, the intensified research on legumes, 其实也不是一句话，只是一个词：research。作者省略了there is ，其实引处即便看不清语法结构，作者的意思还是可以懂的。因此，笔者在前面强调的“如果可以看懂意思，不必去分析语法”，在实战的应用中有其意义；gre和gmat中很多表达其实不严格遵守语法，或者有考生不懂的语法，读者处心积虑地研究它们，不但没有实战意义，而且还令读者徒增烦恼。
本句是gre和gmat考试中集各种语言现象之大成者，包括了几乎所有的难句类型，希望读者一定把这句话读熟；有心者最好能把它背熟，一定对提高你的阅读能力有好处。
意群训练：one such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. hence，(there is ) the intensified research on legumes.
46. it is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.（3+）
译文：下述情形真可谓是自然界的一个莫大讽刺：土壤中所能获得的氮肥量往往对植物的生长构成了一个上限，虽然植物的叶子被沐浴在一片氮气的海洋中。
难句类型：复杂修饰
解释：it是形式主语，其真正的内容是that之后的由even though连接的两个句子。其实本句的真正难度倒不在于句子的结构，而是对于其意思的理解：尤其是文科同学，可能缺乏必要的背景知识，就更不容易读懂。句中的set an upper limit on plant growth直译为”给植物的生成设立一个上限”，其真正的意思是“限制了植物的生长”；因此the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth之中的availability一定指的是氮的供给之少。整句话的意思是，土壤中的氮植物能够利用，却太少；而空气中虽有大量的氮，植物却不能利用，这岂不是自然界开的一个大玩笑。
it is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.
译文：另一方面，伊斯兰教则代表着与此前存在的阿拉伯异教（arab paganism）的一种根本上的决裂；伊斯兰法是从宗教的角度，对各种杂乱无章、绝无共同点的法律内容进行考察所致的结果，而这些法律内容实际上是由前伊斯兰阿拉伯国家（pre-islamic arabia）法律的不尽相同的组成部分以及由从被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鉴过来的无数法律因素所构成。 (as it did )实际上是一句插入语。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
解释：这句话是接着上面的那句话写下来的，是在说伊斯兰法的不一致。句中有三个插入语，都起到了一定的干扰作用。第一个是on the other hand，隔开了主语和谓语。第二个是from a religious angle，分开了examination of ，第三个as it did，根本就是句废话，分断了动词comprise 和动词的宾语the various components。
意群训练：islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the arab paganism that preceded it; islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-islamic arabia and numberous legal elements taken over from the non-arab peoples of the conquered territories.
45. one such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. hence，(there is ) the intensified research on legumes. （5），此句最好能够熟读，更好的是背诵下来。（复杂修饰+插入+省略+倒装）
译文：这其中的一个新颖思想就是，在植物的染色体（chromosome）内注入并非是该植物自然构造一个部分的那些不相关联的因基：具体而言，这一思想是，在非豆科植物内注入这样一些基因，倘若这些基因可被辨识出来并被分离开来，而这些基因业已使豆科植物宜于充当那些具备固氮作用的细菌的寄主。由此，对豆科植物的研究日趋深入。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、倒装、省略
解释：本句的难度以倒装为主，复杂为辅；然而二者相互借力，难度更大，而且本句中有两个省略，就更令读者头痛。
句子一开始的one such novel idea is that of 之中的that of, 是that idea of 的省略形式。此外容易理解，后面开始变难。inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes(that are not a part of the plants' natureal consttution)看上去不舒服的原因，是作者在此用了一个便装；正常语序应该是：inserting discrete genes(that are not a part of the plants' natureal constitution) into the chromosomes of plants，即把非此植物的genes插入到该植物中。之所以倒装，是因为discrete genes加上复杂修饰的成分以后太长之故。同样，后面的the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identifyied and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria一句，正常的语序也是the idea of inserting the genes, if they can be identifyied and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitro-fixing bacteria into nonleguminous plants,即把便利豆科植物成为固氮菌的寄主的基因（如果它们能够被找到并分离出来的话）插入到非豆科植物的基因中去。这一回。genes之后不但有定语从句的复杂修饰，而且在genes和that从句之间还有一个不短的插入语，增加了阅读难度。
最后的一句话，hence, the intensified research on legumes, 其实也不是一句话，只是一个词：research。作者省略了there is ，其实引处即便看不清语法结构，作者的意思还是可以懂的。因此，笔者在前面强调的“如果可以看懂意思，不必去分析语法”，在实战的应用中有其意义；gre和gmat中很多表达其实不严格遵守语法，或者有考生不懂的语法，读者处心积虑地研究它们，不但没有实战意义，而且还令读者徒增烦恼。
本句是gre和gmat考试中集各种语言现象之大成者，包括了几乎所有的难句类型，希望读者一定把这句话读熟；有心者最好能把它背熟，一定对提高你的阅读能力有好处。
意群训练：one such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. hence，(there is ) the intensified research on legumes.
46. it is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.（3+）
译文：下述情形真可谓是自然界的一个莫大讽刺：土壤中所能获得的氮肥量往往对植物的生长构成了一个上限，虽然植物的叶子被沐浴在一片氮气的海洋中。
难句类型：复杂修饰
解释：it是形式主语，其真正的内容是that之后的由even though连接的两个句子。其实本句的真正难度倒不在于句子的结构，而是对于其意思的理解：尤其是文科同学，可能缺乏必要的背景知识，就更不容易读懂。句中的set an upper limit on plant growth直译为”给植物的生成设立一个上限”，其真正的意思是“限制了植物的生长”；因此the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth之中的availability一定指的是氮的供给之少。整句话的意思是，土壤中的氮植物能够利用，却太少；而空气中虽有大量的氮，植物却不能利用，这岂不是自然界开的一个大玩笑。
it is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.
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