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翻译中的词语搭配

2008-02-13来源:
翻译中的词语搭配

〔背景〕由于英汉两种语言有着不同的表达习惯,我们在翻译一些常见的短语(联合式)时,要注意一个搭配的顺序问题。例如英语的track and field,track是“跑道,径赛”,“field”是“场地,田赛”,而汉语的习惯表达与之相反,通说为“田径”。

〔目标〕掌握一些更符合英文表达习惯的用法,在翻译和写作的时候力求准确而达意。

〔攻略〕I 顺序相同

1)up and down:上上下下,起伏地

The boat bobbed up and down in the water

那只小船在水中颠簸。

2)more or less:或多或少,有点儿

He more or less thought it was his duty to tell me.

他或多或少认为告诉我是他的责任。

3)rock and roll:摇滚乐

4)deaf and dumb:又聋又哑

5)heart and soul:全心全意地,满腔热情地

He devoted himself heart and soul to his work.

他全心全意地致力于工作。

6)day and night:日日夜夜,夜以继日

7)husband and wife:夫妻,夫妇

They have lived together as husband and wife for years.

他们结为夫妇共同生活了很多年。

8)black and white:(指电影、电视、照片等)黑白

I changed my black and white television for a color set.

我把黑白电视机换成了一台彩色的。

9)black and blue:青一块、紫一块的

10)wax and wane:(力量或重要性)兴衰,盛衰

Throughout history em pires have waxed and waned.

历史上各个王朝均有兴衰。

11)home and abroad:国内外,海内外

Mount Tai attracts many tourists from home and abroad.

泰山吸引了许多海内外游客。

12)Ladies and gentlemen:女士们、先生们(用在发言的开始,虽然有时汉语也会说:“先生们,女士们”,但英语习惯始终是“ladies”在前面。)

13)from head to foot/toe:从头到脚,全身

The children were covered in mud from head to toe.

孩子们满身沾满了泥。

14)the First/Second World War:

第一次/第二次世界大战(也可以表示为World War I和World War II)

15)from first to last:自始至终,一贯

16)science and technology:科学技术,科技

Science and technology can reproduce productivity.

科学技术是第一生产力。

Qinghua Science and Technology Park 清华科技园

17)总书记:general secretary(不过“总领事”是“consul general”,“总司令”是“commander in chief”,另外“secretary general”为“秘书长”。)

II 顺序不同

1)东南西北:north,south,east and west(注:这类顺序一定要注意区别,尽管汉语有时也说“东西南北”。此外东北、东南、西北、西南的英语表达为northeast, southeast,northwest和southwest。注意单词里前后方位的英汉顺序不同。)

2)左右:right and left

3)身心健康:be sound in m ind and body

4)衣食住行:food,clothing,shelter,and transportation

5)你我他:you,he and I

6)救死扶伤:heal the wounded and rescue the dying

7)back and forth:前前后后,来来回回地

He paced back and forth in his room.他在房间里来回踱步。

8)(in)black and white:白纸黑字(书写的或印刷的)

I want the contract in black and white.我要这项合同见诸文字。

9)sweet-and-sour pork chop:酸甜排骨(不过有时也说糖醋排骨);酸辣汤:hot and sour soup

10)by/in twos and threes:三三两两地