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托福写作审题之正确方法

2021-01-27来源:互联网

  和谐英语网为同学们整理了托福写作审题之正确方法,供考生参考学习

  一.独立写作审题

  如何在短时间内完成独立写作的题目分析和论点选择呢?

  不少同学在独立写作中未能如愿到达Good (24-30)这个分数档,有时不是因为内容细节不够或者语言水平不过关,而是在一开始的时候没能很好地抓住题目的要求,换句话说,就是没有很好地达到独立写作评分标准中5分满分的第一条内容:“有效地回应写作话题和任务”

  一些同学可能会大概“扫” 一眼题目就匆匆开始了,觉得写作前花几分钟详细分析题目会浪费时间,但是如果文章写偏题了,被认为是“Your responses is only marginally related to the question that was asked.”,即使内容多详细语言水平多高都不能挽救分数的。

  没有做好审题这一步的同学可能会遇到以下几个问题:

  1.读不全

  没有花时间去认真读题目,漏看了论述中的部分词(尤其是题目篇幅较长时)

  2.读不懂

  由于词汇、语法基础不够过硬而误解了题目意思(特别是题目包含从句时)

  3.读不透

  只写了“大话题”,没有回应具体 “小话题”(忽略了有关修饰词)

  二.读不懂的情况下如何审题

  根据我们很多同学的考后“悲伤回忆”,他们就曾经掉进了以上某个“坑”当中。为了让更多的同学顺利完成写作任务,今天我们的重点是解决题目“读不透”的情况。要正确分析一个独立写作的话题,各位需要关注题目中不同的词汇,主要有以下三种:

  1.The topic words

  2.The micro-topic words

  3.The instruction words

  1.确认写作话题关键词(Identify the Topic Words)

  每个写作题目都会包含一个比较“泛”的话题,托福独立作文中常见的话题包括教育学习类、生活休闲类、工作类、科技类、政府类、环境类等。

  接下来我们先看看官方真题Official 45独立作文这个话题。

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

  In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives.

  Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  以上这个写作任务涉及的“大话题” 是现在的年轻人做决定(young people make decisions)。但是如果仅仅写现在的年轻人自己作决定有什么好处,肯定不能很好地满足上述评分标准的第一条要求(effectively address the topic and task)。

  我们继续看第二个分析点:

  2.识别微话题关键词(Identify Micro-topic Words)

  这种类型的词一般是用来细化这个比较“泛”的话题题目,确定具体的写作方向,反映出评分员具体希望从考生的文章中看到的内容,因此它们一般会包含一种观点立场或者是题目论述的修饰成分。下面再来看看官方真题Official 45的独立作文题目。

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

  In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives.

  Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  在这个题目中,微话题关键词是“are better able to”(更有能力)以及“about their own lives”(与自己人生有关),如果各位考生没有找准这两个细化的关键词,很容易将文章方向写偏,因此,我们说写作文的时候要以微话题关键词为出发点。

  3.识别题目指引词(Identify Instruction Words)

  相信我们大部分同学都知道独立作文的题目提问类型有:同意与否、二选一(个人偏好)、三选一(最值)。下面以三个官方真题Official独立作文的题目为例分析具体的写作指引。

  官方真题Official 45

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

  In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives.

  Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  以上的题目是典型的“Agree or Disagree”类型,要求考生表达自己对于题目论述的看法,并加入具体的原因和例子去作为支撑。按照以上分析思路,如果各位考生选择同意题目立场,就需要去想导致现在的年轻人更有能力做与自己人生有关的决定的原因。

  官方真题Official 44

  Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer?

  Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  以上的题目是典型的“personal preference”(二选一)类型,要求考生从题目描述的两种选择中挑一种,并加入具体的原因和例子去作为支撑。按照以上分析思路,如果各位考生选择同意题目第一种观点,就需要去想为什么工作忙的家长要将有限的空闲时间用来陪孩子玩游戏或者做运动。

  官方真题Official 43

  Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect. In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?

  1) Interrupt and correct the mistake right away

  2) Wait until the class or meeting is over and the people are gone, and then talk to the teacher or meeting leader

  3) Say nothing

  Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

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