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who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解

2020-10-24来源:和谐英语


who (whom) that的用法区别详解

 

在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:

用who (whom) 而不用that的情形

(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。如:

My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。

(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。如:

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?

(3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。如:

Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。

(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom)。如:

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。

(5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。如:

The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。

(6)  在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。如:

There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你见过。

(7)  当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如:

The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。

二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形

(1)  当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。如:

The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。

(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。如:

He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生

(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。如:

Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁?

(4) the same as 与 the same that

the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物;the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物,即:同一事物。如:

She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)

She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)