夏季出国旅行需注意什么?

疫苗风险

Live vaccines such as the one for yellow fever can be risky for those over 60 or 65, Dr. McKinney warns, because of a higher likelihood of side effects. Patients taking steroids, which lower resistance to viral infection of any kind, are also less likely to have a good response to a vaccine.

麦金尼博士警告说，黄热病疫苗等活疫苗对60或65岁以上的人会有危险，因为产生副作用的可能性较大。服用类固醇的病人也可能对疫苗的反应不佳，因为类固醇会降低人体对各种形式病毒感染的抵抗力。

It's also important to be up-to-date on routine vaccinations such as flu and tetanus before leaving the U.S. A shingles vaccine for those over 65 can reduce the chance of being struck with a painful and debilitating case of the virus, which is related to childhood chickenpox. Measles are also a growing concern in Europe, Dr. Kozarsky says. If you're unsure whether you had measles or a childhood vaccination for it, a blood test can determine if there are antibodies to the disease.

还有很重要的一点是，在离开美国前应接种最新的流感和破伤风等常规疫苗。65岁以上者接种带状疱疹疫苗能减少严重感染这种病毒的几率，这种病毒与儿时的水痘有关。科扎斯基博士说，麻疹在欧洲也日益受到关注。如果你不确定自己是否得过麻疹或小时候接种过疫苗，那么血液化验可以判定你是否有麻疹抗体。

Travelers also need to be careful about organisms that can penetrate the skin while swimming, or bacteria found in drinking water-as well as raw foods such as salad and fresh fruit.

旅行者还需要小心在游泳时能穿透皮肤的有机生物或饮用水中以及沙拉和新鲜水果等生食中发现的细菌。

In Case of Emergency…

万一遇到紧急情况……

For the worst-case scenario, it is also a good idea to consider an emergency medical evacuation program. Before a trip to Russia last year, Marvin Freedman, a retired Justice Department investigator and avid world traveler, bought a membership from MedjetAssist, on the recommendations of some fellow travelers. He admits he was skeptical it could deliver as promised: evacuation to the hospital of his choosing for the $260 plan.

如果遇到最坏的情况，最好是考虑紧急医疗后送方案。去年前往俄国之前，热衷世界旅行的美国司法部退休调查员弗里德曼（Marvin Freedman）在一些同行者的建议下，购买了MedjetAssist的会员计划。他选择的是价格260美元的计划，保证能在发生情况时将他护送到医院。他承认起初自己对其是否能实现承诺有所怀疑。

While poking around historic towns in the Golden Ring area outside Moscow, Mr. Freedman picked up a bug that worsened by the time he got to St. Petersburg. Admitted to a hospital there, he was pumped full of antibiotics by doctors who diagnosed a bacterial infection. But he wasn't getting better. After a few days he placed a call to MedjetAssist, where he was connected to doctors at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center who determined he needed to be brought home.

在游览莫斯科郊外金环地区（Golden Ring）的古镇时，弗里德曼感染了一种疾病，在他到圣彼得堡时病情开始恶化。他住进了当地的一所医院，医生诊断他是细菌感染，给他注射了抗生素。但他并没有好转。几天后，他打电话给MedjetAssist，联系上了匹兹堡大学医学中心（University of Pittsburgh Medical Center）的医生，他们认为他需要被送回美国。

The next morning, a Lear Jet with a flight doctor and a nurse arrived to take him on the first leg of a long journey back to Wisconsin. Doctors there determined it was in fact a viral infection-which doesn't respond to antibiotics-and discontinued the drugs. After making a full recovery, Mr. Freedman says he is undaunted from globe-trotting and already has a journey to India in the planning stages.

第二天一早，一位航空医生和护士乘坐一架Lear喷气式飞机抵达，带他回到了威斯康星州。那里的医生认为这实际上是一种病毒感染，因此不会对抗生素产生反应，医生停用了之前的药物。完全恢复后，弗里德曼说自己对环球旅行的热情并没有受到打击，现在已经开始筹备印度之行了。