过去分词与现在分词被动式有何区别

过去分词与现在分词被动式有何区别

1. 意义上的区别

过去分词和现在分词的被动式在表示被动时，其主要区别是：过去分词不仅表示被动，而且通常还表示完成；而现在分词的被动式则在表示被动的同时还表示动词在进行，但它不表示完成。如：

We found him greatly changed. 我们发现他变化很大。

I've heard him criticized many times. 我曾听见他多次受到批评。

He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到这里来看轮船装货卸货。

I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒过来，听见卧室的门慢慢地被推开。

▲两点补充：

(1) 过去分词表示被动是“肯定”的，但过去分词表示完成则不是强制性的，有时与句子的相关搭配有关。如：

He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿谁提及此事。

She had to shout to make herself heard. 她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。

We want the work finished by Saturday. 我们要求这工作礼拜六以前完成。

We’ll have to get the car repaired before Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二以前把汽车修好。

(2) 现在分词被动式表示被动是“肯定”的，但它表示进行则不是强制性的，有时表示其他意义，比如表原因等：

Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有一堵墙保护，他感到很安全。

Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。

Being surrounded, the rebel troops were forced to surrender. 叛军被包围了，结果被迫投降。

Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 这篇文章仓卒写就，故错误百出。

2. 用法上的区别

过去分词可以用于表示条件，相当于一个被动的条件状语从句，但是现在分词的被动式一般不这样用。如：

Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。

句中的过去分词Seen in this light 表示条件，相当于if it is seen in this light。此句我们不能说成：

Being seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。

▲另外，单个的过去分词可用于名词前作定语，但现在分词的被动式不能这样用。如：

He is a changed man since you left. 打你走后，他就变了个人。

This method has an added advantage. 这个方法有一个额外的好处。

We have an agreed agenda for action. 我们有一项达成共识的行动日程。

Carbohydrates and fats do not constitute a balanced diet. 碳水化合物和脂肪不能构成营养均衡的饮食。

Highlight the chosen area by clicking and holding down the left mouse button. 点击并摁住鼠标左键将所选区域高亮显示。

▲如果现在分词的被动式用作定语，必须置于被修饰名词之后。如：

I wasn’t interested in the question being discussed. 我对讨论的问题不感兴趣。

The distinction being made is purely academic. 作出的这一区分是纯学术性的。

The building being renovated is an ancient temple. 正在翻修的那个建筑是一座古庙。

She recognized the potential for error in the method being used. 她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错。

The gunman escaped on a motorcycle being ridden by an accomplice. 枪手乘坐一辆由同伙驾驶的摩托车逃跑了。